Breaking the Confines of DNA - 3203 Words

All living things are made of DNA; DNA is contained within strands called genes. The genes within any organism are what decides what the organism will look like, act like, and how it lives. Naturally, through breeding, the genes are confined within a species or a pair of like species. What if these genes could break the confines of their species and be moved from one organism to another completely different organism? Well they can. The implications of this technology are astronomical. The Human race could gain so much from just a little more research. Genetic engineering should be practiced, funded, and perfected because the potential benefits are well worth the risks associated with it. The technology for altering the genes of an organism has been around for decades. Now there are many questions about this technology: Is it ethical to completely change an organism to suit the needs of man? Is it worth the risk? Is it cost effective? What can this technology do and what can be expected to emerge in the near future? Mankind is advanced enough that the impact from an individual can alter the entire planet, permanently. Ignorance about genetic manipulation could prove to be a fatal mistake. The practice is called genetic engineering (G.E.) or genetic manipulation. The organisms with their genes altered are called genetically modified organisms (G.M.O.s) or transgenic organisms. Genetically modified organisms are created when the DNA from a natural organism isShow MoreRelatedOutline Of A Content Pack1407 Words   |  6 Pagessummer with long, luscious locks, it’s important to make sure that you’re taking steps to grow healthy hair. Here are 10 of the best ways to get top tresses. Let your hair down: Tight hair ties, braids and other hairstyles that tug on hair strands or confine them can weaken the hair shaft and cause breakage. Air dry: Give your blow dryer, curling iron and flat iron a break by going without your heated styling tools. The high temperatures can damage the hair shaft, causing breakage and frizzy or static-yRead MoreEssay on Are Zoos Necessary3326 Words   |  14 Pagespunishment my parents could inflict: I would be banished to my bedroom, the length of time depending on the seriousness of the crime. It seemed that every possible want and desire I had while being punished was related to an activity just outside the confines of that bedroom. The hours seemed like days and the time spent locked in my room was unbearable. When I look back on those torturous days of my childhood, I cant believe what the big deal was. If I hadnt been punished, most likely I probablyRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pagesacid, nitric acid 2. Sulfonic Acids- Ethanesulfonic aci, benzenesulfonic acid 3. Carboxlic Acid- Lactic Acid, Citric Acid 4. Vinylogous Carboxylic Acids- Ascorbic Acid, Meldrum’s Acid 5. Nucleic Acid- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Chemical Characteristics 1. Monoprotic acids 2. Polyprotic acids 3. Neutralization 4. Weak acid/weak base equilibria Properties of Acids: 1. Acids taste sour. Citric acid is responsible for the sourRead MoreDoctorate9485 Words   |  38 Pagesof their target market as a whole. What makes brands like Samsung and MasterCard strong is the emotional foundation that they have built with their customers. By doing this, these brands have transcended their marketing strategies beyond the â€Å"confines of their product category† and have moved beyond the product attributes and value (Newell, 2011). They have transformed their â€Å"product attribute into a consumer feeling† (Newell, 2011). These consumer feelings create emotional attachments to brandsRead MoreSummary : Tigress 10460 Words   |  42 PagesTigers are comfortable in water, and frequently bathe. Social activity Adult tigers lead largely solitary lives. They establish and maintain territories but have much wider home ranges within which they roam. Resident adults of either sex generally confine their movements to their home ranges, within which they satisfy their needs and those of their growing cubs. Individuals sharing the same area are aware of each other s movements and activities.[68] The size of the home range mainly depends on preyRead MoreEducation response Essay example43180 Words   |  173 Pageswill incur considerable costs – and debts – if their children wish to go to university. Higher education is no longer a free good. There is a very real danger that the Government has under-estimated the extent to which fear of debt is part of the DNA of Britain’s least well-off families. The Government has struggled to successfully communicate exactly what these changes mean for students. The report recommends that the Government should now review how it is communicating with potential applicantsRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 Pagesburgeoning NRI community and alumni networks in funding such schools must be encouraged. 5.6.3 Encourage Student-led Entrepreneurial Activities on Campus: Entrepreneurship cannot be learnt only by ‘chalk and talk’.125 Shared activities outside the conï ¬ nes of the textbook are imperative to develop leadership and team building skills that are necessary for Entrepreneurship.126 It is necessary to encourage activities The Indian School of Business (ISB) in Hyderabad, a pioneer in actively encouragingRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescan talk,† Ms. Kesselring says. There aren’t other breaks and workers aren’t allowed to sip coffee or eat at their desks during 70 the long stretches before and after lunch. Hard candy is the only permitted desk snack. New technology, and the breaking down of labor into discrete, repetitive tasks, also have effectively stripped jobs such as those at EBS of whatever variety and skills clerical work once possessed. Workers in the cage (an antiquated banking term for a money-handling area) only openRead MoreTop 1 Cause for Project Failure65023 Words   |  261 Pagesalways ask the what if question, and at times design at front end not being completed to meet schedule of construction. Keep the project schedule visible throughout the offices with the number of weeks left to major milestones, design complete, breaking the sod, equipment installation dates, commissioning etc.......... Reward departments who are on schedule and highlight to all, departments which are behind schedule, to identify the reasons, poor management,lack of resources, lack of facilitiesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdoing until after they have done it. They may tire, get discouraged, or even resist. Yet, the thoughtful manager overcomes these hindrances while engendering commitment to corporate values and inspiring employees to enact them. They view the values as DNA which should be replicated throughout the organization. Ultimately, the values must move from objective statements to subjective realities (p. 55). In this quotation, we can see some of the core elements of the human relations approach to neo-modernism

Analysis Of The Movie Up - 1367 Words

At the beginning of the movie â€Å"Up† viewers are quickly exposed to a transformation of Carl Fredricksen from childhood to old age. For the duration of the movie, Carl remains a 78-year-old man, who at first appears grumpy, sad, and guilty at times, and surely missing his late wife. Carl is often shown in a scene talking to his deceased wife as if she were really there, reminiscing of memories spent together, and admiring old photographs of the two of them. Being a widow took a definite toll on Mr. Fredricksen, and he showed obvious signs of depression to be living without his wife. Towards the beginning of the film, spectators are familiarized with Carl’s habits. Often, he is yelling at people to get off of his property, slamming his door, and spends all his time alone; he rarely smiles and does not seem to have any purpose to his life. In accordance with the research, Mr. Fredricksen seems to be struggling with his mental health and shows evidence of a sedentary li festyle.Luckily, Mr. Fredricksen meets a young boy named Russell who turns his life around. Russell is a boy scout who approaches Mr. Fredricksen to help him earn a badge. Helping an elderly person will complete the level Russell is on before he can move to the next step. At first, Russell is instructed to leave Carl’s property and never return, but Russell being the persistent boy he is eventually finds a way in. Through an exciting adventure, the two of them eventually form a bond. As stated in the previousShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis for Up778 Words   |  4 PagesRelationship Development Analysis in Up This paper will focus on interpersonal relationships; more specifically, romantic partners and the development of a relationship in a scene from the movie Up. Relationship development has two spectrums of stages: coming together and coming apart. This paper will focus on the stages taking place in the coming together phase, the relational norms and outcomes, speed of stage advancement, character role in each stage and how they could improve on their interpersonalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Up Essay2452 Words   |  10 Pagesthe purpose of this paper, I viewed the movie â€Å"Up† and concluded many facts based on the stereotypical aspects and theories of the elderly. Throughout this paper, I will relate to the movie â€Å"Up† to reflect on how the movie influenced my outlook on young and elderly behavior, my view on aging, and describe an activity that I carried out as an empathy exercise to simulate a normal physiological aging process. For this assignment, I chose to watch the movie â€Å"Up.† As a young boy, Carl Fredriskon, idolizedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Up 1854 Words   |  8 PagesFor this assignment, I chose to watch the movie â€Å"Up.† As a young boy, Carl Fredriskon, idolized an explorer by the name of Charles Muntz. Carl has a dream of traveling to South America and exploring the forbidden Paradise Falls, just as Charles did. One day, as Carl is making his way down the street, he hears a young female voice screaming his favorite line â€Å"adventure is out there!† Out of curiosity, Carl makes his way into what seems to be a clubhouse belonging to a young girl, Ellie, and he befriendsRead MoreThe Break-Up Movie Analysis1248 Words   |  5 Pageshim â€Å"crazy†, she still chuckles and responds to Gary’s pick-up lines, hinting that Brooke is not totally uninterested. It is quickly followed by the opening credits with intimate photos that captured the intensifying communication stage between the protagonists. Their long term commitment takes the form of cohabitation, thus completing the escalation phase of the romantic relationship. After which it goes straight to the topic â€Å"The Break-up†, which showcases how the navigating phase foiled, resultingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Lights Come Up 752 Words   |  4 PagesThe lights come up as Troy enters the Old Dugout in Andreas football Field. Ahead of him, on the bleachers, sits Cory’s coach, a forty year-old man, with a clipboard, taking notes on the players. He softly hums to himself as his face tightens when he sees Troy. Troy stumbles over to the man in a drunken state. It is the following morning after Cory asked lied to Troy about his working situation. Troy: (Pointing at the man’s face) You here’s Cory’s Coach? You here’s the man that is filling myRead MoreMovie Analysis : Paradise Lost By John Milton Sets Up Adam And Eve1636 Words   |  7 PagesGender Binary in Paradise Lost Paradise Lost by John Milton sets up Adam and Eve in complete binary opposition, with dominance and gender as the controlling factors. There is a struggle between Adam, who believes Eve to be inferior, and Eve, who can control Adam through his desires; this is used by Milton to show that women and men have equal strength, but their skills lie in different areas. This would make them opposite, indeed, but not truly very different. However, despite this realization ofRead MoreComparing Yelp, Tripadvisor And Netflix Essay1602 Words   |  7 Pagesactivities, their analysis could be more complete, more targeted, and more accuracy. Netflix, found in 1998, specializes in and provides streaming media and video on demand online and DVD by mail. It needs analytics to gain insight into customers. At first, it provides the service that customers choose the packages of movies to rent. Then it created a data exchange with customer to capture the preference data from customers and make recommendations. After customer watching a movie, they will writeRead MoreHow to Write a Theme Analysis921 Words   |  4 Pages------------------------------------------------- How to Write a Theme Analysis Essay (5-Paragraphs) The theme is a recurring element throughout literature, movies, and art, which offers the reader/viewer a deeper meaning, a deeper understanding about fundamental ideas in life, and a moral or life lesson. Essay writing When writing about the theme, the writer should keep in mind that he/she will write an analysis of a theme that appears in either a text or movie that argues a specific point. The writers aim in thisRead MoreCase Study Movie Exhibition Industry Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Analysis of Movie Exhibition Industry By: Kim Saline February 24, 2010 Objective: To provide an analysis and make recommendations to increase revenue in the movie exhibition industry. Overview: Ticket sales for movie theaters are at their lowest point since 1996. With the core demographic group expected to grow slower than the US population and with technological advances growing at speeds faster than the industry can keep up, ticket sales will continue to decline if the currentRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry from their parents because it is forbidden. In the 1996 classical movie, Romeo and Juliet

Cloud Computing Effectiveness, Shortages and Prospects for small businesses Free Essays

Abstract Cloud computing, in its present form, is a fairly new and evolving paradigm and as an industry it is showing huge growth potential. This is due mainly to the sheer attractiveness of providing very expensive server computing technology to smaller businesses that find it completely impractical to invest in this type of infrastructure when their needs are, for the most part, sporadic with usage requirements that are difficult to forecast. It is also useful for the larger companies that have their own servers for day to day operations, but require increased computing power for relatively short periods of time in their business cycles (Chee Franklin, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud Computing: Effectiveness, Shortages and Prospects for small businesses or any similar topic only for you Order Now The ability to pay for the services as required without the costly infrastructure expenses is a good business model. Introduction According to Antonopoulos Gillam (2010), cloud computing is the technology behind multiple computers from any geographical parts of the world being connected and communicating real time through a network basically internet. This solution offers ease in communication between individuals, groups of people with common interest like organization and the whole population in general. Cloud computing supports services that are network based. The services appear to be provided by a physical hardware somewhere yet it is actually virtual but simulated by software that runs on one or more physical/real machines. This report study discusses the issues in the cloud computing architecture, particularly in relation to its effectiveness, shortages and prospects for the small and medium businesses in supporting their internet-based businesses. Cloud Computing: A Definition The services offered by providers that deliver either hardware or software over the internet are referred to as cloud computing (Armbrust et al., 2010). Cloud computing provides business access to off-site resources that are efficient and agile (what is needed, when it is needed). Marstona et al. (2011) define cloud computing as: An information technology service model where computing services (both hardware and software) are delivered on-demand to customers over a network in a self-service fashion, independent of device and location. The resources required to provide the requisite quality-of-service levels are shared, dynamically scalable, rapidly provisioned, virtualized and released with minimal service provider interaction. Users pay for the service as an operating expense without incurring any significant initial capital expenditure, with the cloud services employing a metering system that divides the computing resource into appropriate blocks. Mell Gance (2011) of National Institute of Standards and Technology in the United States drafted a lengthy definition of cloud computing, including this first line: As noted by Chee Franklin (2010), cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Body Effectiveness The potential for business growth will increase if more small and medium enterprises adopt cloud-computing technology. This virtual servers can be easily moved, scaled either up or down without actually affecting end users. Cloud computing enables sharing of resources achieving economies of scale and coherence. These resources are not only shared by a specified number of users since they are dynamically reallocated according to prevailing demand to promote efficiency and flexibility. Telecommunication is fore-front in embracing cloud computing where client-server models have been implemented enabling users to access, alter and make any changes on the same system simultaneously (Rittinghouse Ransome, 2010). One of the major advantage of cloud computing is reduced number of devices any organization can purchase and implement their IT systems. This saves the organization the heavy cost of infrastructure. Traditional complex and diverse architectures are simplified and optimized into a virtual environment basically from end to end. All applications can be supported in the same environment hence efficiency. The Unified Computer Systems greatly simplify and speed of accessing enterprise applications. Cloud data center provides fully embedded management of all hardware and software components. Configuration of multiple servers in a cloud data center is easy and very fast (Chee Franklin, 2010). Armbrust et al. (2010) explain how a ‘pay as you go’ utilization of accessing an external server for utility computing makes more economic sense than tying up capital resources in a server that will be under-utilized much of the time. Cloud computing now permits a business to purchase server hours on demand and as needed, such as for peak load times or when the organization needs additional server time to perform batch analytics. In addition, when a business is unable to determine how much server time or capacity they may require (e.g., during a new Web startup), cloud computing does not require up-front commitments. Shortages The relative newness of this type of service, while highly beneficial, has the potential for huge risks for the customers including security risks. This paradigm is a network in which the primary users have minimal control of the structure, shared users, and overall security, particularly in relation to data that is processed or stored in the external servers (Samson, 2008). While the benefits of cloud computing delivering business-supporting technology are vast, there are a number of issues and security challenges that must be acknowledged and addressed. Marstona et al. (2011) insist there is an â€Å"urgent need for understanding the business related issues surrounding cloud computing.† The Cloud Security Alliance (2013) and Samson (2013) identify and discuss nine top threats to security as a result of cloud security The ‘Top Threats Working Group’ conducted a survey of industry experts and compiled a list of nine critical threats to cloud security (ranked in order of severity): 1. Data Breaches 2. Data Loss 3. Account Hijacking 4. Insecure APIs 5. Denial of Service 6. Malicious Insiders 7. Abuse of Cloud Services 8. Insufficient Due Diligence 9. Shared Technology Issues Prospects for small businesses Small businesses are constrained by the resources. Cloud computing will address issues of scalability and availability related to large scale applications storage and access. Small business can use cloud computing architecture to scale their business, increase productivity and efficiency of business processes. Small businesses will reduce operation costs of acquiring extra I.T resources. As concluded by Marstona et al. (2012), cloud computing offers ease management of business resources from a central point and low expenditure on I.T hardware and software. Cloud computing will enable small business to accommodate the increase of data. Small businesses can manage cloud computing services from a single point and manage data load effectively. Conclusion Cloud computing is a new architecture in information technology. The architecture has given rise to the creation of storage and network systems which are reliable, scalable and available. The large self-managed storage servers minimise management headache and reduce overhead. The services delivered by a cloud computing architecture can be increased and decreased depending on the business needs of a small enterprise. Cloud computing is a valuable technology for small and medium sized businesses. It helps in providing affordable and effective IT infrastructure tools, making business processes to be more productive. Cloud computing helps small and medium business entities to minimise costs of acquiring technical equipment and in-house IT resources. Bibliography ANTONOPOULOS, N GILLAM L. (2010) Cloud computing: Principles, systems and applications. London: Springer-Verlag London Limited. ARMBRUST, M., FOX, A., GRIFFITH, R., JOSEPH, A.D., KATZ, R., KONWINSKI, A., LEE, G., PATTERSON, D., RABKIN, A., ION STOICA, A., ZAHARIA, M (2010) A view of cloud computing. Communications of the ACM. [Online] June 2010. Available from: http://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2010/4/81493-a-view-of-cloud-computing/fulltext. [Accessed: 8th February 2014] CHEE B. FRANKLIN J. (2010) Cloud computing: Technologies and strategies of the ubiquitous data center. New York, NY: CRC Press. CLOUD SECURITY ALLIANCE (2008) The notorious nine: Cloud computing top threats in 2013. Cloud Security Alliance. [Online] August 2008. Available from: http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/topthreats. [Accessed: 8th February 2014] MARSTONA, S., LIA, Z., SUBHAJYOTI BANDYOPADHYAYA, S, ZHANGA, J., GHALSASIB, A (2012) Cloud computing — The business perspective. Decision Support Systems. [Online] August 2012. Available from:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167923610002393. [Accessed: 8th February 2014] MELL, P. GRANCE, T (2011) The NIST definition of cloud computing (draft): Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Department of Commerce. [Online] April 2011. Available from: http://pre-developer.att.com/home/learn/enablingtechnologies/The_NIST_Definition_of_Cloud_Computing.pdf. [Accessed: 8th February 2014] RITTINGHOUSE J. W. RANSOME J. F. (2010) Cloud computing: Implementation, management, and security. New York, NY: CRC Press. SAMSON, T (2008) 9 top threats to cloud computing security. InfoWorld [blog] 25 February. [Online] November 2008. Available from: http://www.infoworld.com/t/cloud-security/9-top-threats-cloud-computing-security-213428. [Accessed: 8th February 2014] How to cite Cloud Computing: Effectiveness, Shortages and Prospects for small businesses, Essay examples

The IR issue of Pronto shoes-Free-Samples -Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Describe a Current Crisis of Your Choice involving at Least two types of IR Actors. Answer: Introduction The report is the analysis of the industrial relations. The issue is in connection with the problems that are related to the workers and the reaction of the management towards the issues. This report deals with the industrial crisis that has occurred in the powerful business sector. In this particular report the issue that has occurred in the Pronto Shoes which belongs to a business sector that has been taken into account. The actors therefore in this sector are the corporate and the business actors. Pronto shoe is one of the leading shoe manufacturers of Egypt. The concept of industrial relations is dense and there are different scopes of the same. It deals with the problems that are related to the disputes between the manager and the employees in the workplace. It is completely a business sector therefore the problems are between the workers and the business directors. There are certain issues that can be applied in order to solve such issues. The theories include the pluralist the ory, the utilitarian theory and the Marxist theory. The report concentrates on the Pluralist theory to solve the issue that has occurred in the organization. Towards the end of the report there is a detailed analysis of the theory. The report also consists of the role of the actors of the situation. The IR issue of Pronto shoes There has been a continuous issue in Pronto shoe Company. The issue has been consistent for a longer period of time. The issue has led to innumerable strikes and protests. The common form of protest was the strike. The issue remained as a perennial problem. The actual reason of the essay was an incident that occurred in the company. The incident occurred on 7th October 1995. It one happened that a labor in the Pronto shoe company named Abasi, in a meeting was assaulted and was abused by the business head in a group huddle. He was unethically accused for something he has not done and was later debarred form the yearly bonus and he was not given a chance initially to justify himself and defend himself (Light, Margot and Arthur John Richard Groom). There is a background of this incident. The background was that the directors of Pronto shoes were planning to sell of their shares to the other franchisee holders. The posting of the labors were not thought by the directors and this infused anger in them as this led to insecurity in them (Jackson, Robert and Georg Srensen). This could lead to unemployment. The labors were not given any kind of job guarantee for this. The labors raised their voice against this and therefore a meeting was held for this. The labor named Abasi was the leader of their Union. He was therefore charged for provoking the other labors and was assaulted for the same reason in the meeting in front of all other labors. This was however a wrong action done by the business head. The business head was however reacted in a passive manner. He was neutral to the situation. He did not react to their demands and was did not pay any heed to the demands of the labors. It was the director of the company who reacted to the situation and paid attention to the needs to the needs and claims of the workers. The director, Mr. Pronto was made efforts to listen to the demands of the workers and conducted meetings with them. He took notice of the situation and he made efforts to reduce the heated situation that was there after the issue. He made efforts to resolve the angers of the workers and justify the reason of their action. He conducted a personal meeting of the labor and the business head. He managed for apology from the business head to the labor for his partial and arrogant behavior. The pluralist theory has been applied here. The perspective of the labors and the labor union has been focused on in this case (Ferguson and Yale). Main players in this issue Any industrial crisis situation includes actors. Actors are basically the persons who are the main concerns of the situation and for whom the issue has raised. In this case there have been many players. The players in this case are the labors and the managing bodies of the company. The crisis occurred because of the decision made by the managing body of the company which includes the stakeholders of the company. The factory owners and the decision makers of the company were responsible for the situation. However the managing director has played a major role in this by intervening and solving the problem Therefore he is another player in this situation. Al the players had a major role to play in this. All the players had their own perspectives and own point of view which was to some extent justified (Booth, Ken and Toni Erskine). Two main players (actors) The actors are the players of the situation and the vice versa. The actors play a huge role in this situation. The situation intends to the crisis situation in this case. The highlighted actors in this case are the labor who was unethically accused and the business head that was responsible for the industrial crisis that occurred. The crisis can clearly be termed as the Industrial crisis. The labors represented the entire workers as he spoke of against the decision that was made by the managing committee. Another reason behind this was the same class that the workers belonged in. The business head had the power to manage and take the initial decision regarding the factory. This is the reason the labor was dominated and he was penalized (Dunne, et al). The labor however was restored his job back with complete honor. Apart from this it was same in the case of shutting down of the factory and the takeover of the same by other company. The shareholders made the decision without giving pr ior notice to the workers. The labors were the biggest sufferers in this case. The important actors in this case were the shareholders and the workers. The ultimate sufferers of the situation were the labors and the reason of their sufferings was the stakeholders of the company. However the actors that are to be highlighted are the labor that was unethically treated and the business head that was the real reason behind it. This crisis was more unethical and a more important issue than the other issues (Dunne, et al). The reaction of the two actors in respect to the situations The reaction of both the actors was extreme. The two actors were the labor and the business head that can be highlighted in this situation. The labor refused to agree to the situation and he denied obeying the decisions of the management of the company. This was the reason he raised voice against the situation as his future was at stake. He was the leader of the union of the labors (Ludwig and David). Therefore he was the one to ask for the security of the labors. After this when he was supported by the other labors he was unethically accused and he was debarred from few facilities. He protested through the means of strikes in front of the factory of the company. The reaction of the business head was passive. He was not ready to listen to the demands of the labors. He showed an adamant behavior towards the labors. The reaction of labors was violent and it ultimately was able to bring about a change in the decision of the management. The business head had to finally to apologize to th e union members. This was the final reaction of the manager (Battaly, Heather). Analysis of the behaviors of the actors It is while analyzing the behavior of the actors it can be stated that the theory of the pluralists has been applied and it can be suggested to be applied in this case. The pluralist theory is that the organizations comprises of individuals who form distinct sectional groups which has their own area of interests, objectives and leadership (Smith et al). This theory can be applied when there are conflicts between the management and the workers which is the result of the industrial and organizational factors (Ludwig, David). This comprises of not only the industrial disputes and strikes but also the entire range of whole range of opposing and different behaviors between the owners of the industry and the decision makers on one side and the working people and their organization and union on the other side. The theory can be applied in this crisis (Ackers, Peter). The crisis occurred between the managers and the worker unions. It has laid over-emphasis on the interest alone. It overlooke d the importance of the values and the cultures (Jrgensen and Knud Erik). The workers in this case show a common interest but they do not share the same value and ethics. The pluralists theory is therefore applicable in this case. The interests and the values play an important role in uniting the groups and also in dividing them. However from the analysis of the situation this can be stated that it is not necessary for the identity of the group to be deep rooted on any particular common group interest as some particular common value a significant role in such construction (Acharya, Amitav). Conclusion Therefore from the above analysis it can be concluded that conflicts in industrial relations are a common forms of crisis that is observed in almost all industrial sectors. The theories are applied to resolve such issues. The theories are applicable in all crisis situation and they are effective in maximum situations. The actors or the players play an important role in such crisis. The relation between the players is therefore essentially important and it is important to keep the working environment healthy. They are dependent on each other in any situation. References Acharya, Amitav.Constructing a security community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the problem of regional order. Routledge, 2014. Ackers, Peter. "Rethinking the employment relationship: a neo-pluralist critique of British industrial relations orthodoxy."The International Journal of Human Resource Management 25.18 (2014): 2608-2625. Battaly, Heather. "A Pluralist Theory of Virtue."Current Controversies in Virtue Theory. Routledge(2015): 7-21. Booth, Ken, and Toni Erskine, eds.International relations theory today. John Wiley Sons, 2016. Dunne, Tim, Lene Hansen, and Colin Wight. "The end of International Relations theory?."European Journal of International Relations19.3 (2013): 405-425. Dunne, Tim, Milja Kurki, and Steve Smith, eds.International Relations Theories. Oxford University Press, 2013. Ferguson, Yale H. "Diversity in IR theory: Pluralism as an opportunity for understanding global politics."International Studies Perspectives16.1 (2015): 3-12. Wallace, Helen, Mark A. Pollack, and Alasdair R. Young, eds.Policy-making in the European Union. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015. Jackson, Robert, and Georg Srensen.Introduction to international relations: theories and approaches. Oxford university press, 2015. Jrgensen, Knud Erik.International relations theory: A new introduction. Springer, 2017. Light, Margot, and Arthur John Richard Groom, eds.International relations: A handbook of current theory. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016. Ludwig, David.A Pluralist theory of the mind. Vol. 2. Dordrecht: Springer, 2015. Smith, Steve, Amelia Hadfield, and Tim Dunne, eds.Foreign policy: theories, actors, cases. Oxford University Press, 2016.

Abortion From An Ethical Point Of View Essays - Abortion

Abortion From An Ethical Point Of View Essays - Abortion Abortion From An Ethical Point Of View Describe and evaluate any two contrasting theoretical approaches to the moral debate of abortion. * * * It is widely accepted that the fact of abortion has been a subject of conversation and controversy for many decades. Since the proportion of people who accept abortion as a normal procedure is equal to the proportion of those who think of abortion as a crime, through time a lot of measurements have been taken against abortion but concerning its defense as well. Although the fact of abortion has been examined through its scientific and religious side, in this assignment we will try and examine abortion from an ethical point of view. The best way for someone to refer to abortion on an ethical basis would probably be through the description and evaluation of the subject based on two of the most known theoretical approaches: those of Kants and of Utilitarianism (Act and Rule). Beginning with the approach of Utilitarianism, we must say that Utilitarianism, is concerned basically with pleasure and with pain. Therefore someone should be concerned with the amounts of pleasure and pain in situations where abortion is permitted as contrasted with the amounts of pleasure and pain where abortion is forbidden. It might be suggested that the main consideration would be the interests of the fetus: not only can its future life be expectedly happy (or at least having a balance of happiness over suffering) it might also be the case that the abortion itself is painful, particularly if it occurs later in the pregnancy. However this focus on the fetus is unwarranted since any suffering involved in the abortion itself can be avoided by simply aborting the pregnancy sooner (before the fetus has even developed the capability of suffering), or with painless techniques. The direct suffering of the fetus can therefore be no argument against abortion generally, only the bad practice of it. A more significant consideration exists if we hypothesize that the future life of the fetus involves a probable balance of happiness over suffering for the fetus. This would seem to be a definite point against abortion, though not, a dominant one. The second party that we should consider are the parents and other family, and guardians if the alternative to abortion is adoption. According to some studies, having a baby appears to decrease the happiness in a relationship - even in those cases where the pregnancy is desired. But again, this need not be considered too much, it is not a dominant consideration. As is the case with many issues in a utilitarian system, the rightness or wrongness of the act in question turns mainly not on the effects of the act on the agent, nor on the beings directly affected by the act, but on the less direct effects on the community at large. That means that the issue of abortion actually becomes one of the desirability of increasing or decreasing the population. Given that there must be some population size that can be regarded as the perfect size, if we are allowed to place it this way for a society, it is clear that Utility will ban new births above this amount while below this population size Utility will prescribe reproduction. So the utilitarian, who suggests that the future happiness of the child, combined with the estimated value of the effects on others, is such that Utility opposes abortion, must admit that this would imply that Utility prescribes an increase in population and that this would apply to anyone capable of producing a child. So Utility is generally against abortion only when it is generally for raising the population. In terms of utility, the actual act of abortion is not a particularly significant one. A brief mention must be made of why it is that the relative effects on the community at large are dominant in this issue, and why the other considerations are not. It must be remembered that the raising of a child in a modern developed country has a very large cost in financial terms, which is highly significant. It is well known that the amount required to raise one child in a developed country could probably raise many more in a poorer

Free Essays on Rape Drugs

DATE RAPE DRUGS â€Å"I was so sick when I woke up,† the 25- year old woman said. â€Å"I couldn’t remember anything. I didn’t know where I was or how I got there. There was vomit on the bed and stuck in my hair. He was naked, and I was naked. He said we made love. This woman, like many others, was a victim of a drug- induced date rape, a growing problem among young women, and men, hitting the nightclub and bar scenes. There are a multitude of drugs being used by these perpetrators, but I am going to focus on Rohypnol. This seems to be the one, most of these innocent victims, are getting drugged by. The â€Å"date- rape† drug is Rohypnol. Street names are roofies, roach, rope, R-2, Mexican Valium, and rib. It’s usually dependant on which part of the country you live in. The drug, which is highly illegal in the United States, is an odorless, tasteless, white tablet resembling aspirin. It dissolves right into a liquid making almost impossible to detect. Though small in size, Rohypnol packs enough power to cause memory loss and unconsciousness, rendering you helpless. It is usually felt within 20- 30 minutes. The strongest effects occur within 1 to 2 hours, with overall sedative effects lasting around 6- 8 hours. That’s pretty scary. That leaves you totally vulnerable, unaware what is happening to you and your body for 6-8 hours. A lot of damage can occur during that period of time, and it unfortunately usually does. Adverse effects of this drug include decreased blood pressure, memory impairment, drowsiness, visual disturbances, dizziness, confusion, gastrointestinal disturbances and urinary retention. On a more serious note, many people have died from this drug. It has a tendency to cause major convulsions and seizures, which lead to death. This is one of the ways society learned of this drug. Emergency rooms had become suspicious of these seizures, and tested their blood, finding Rohypnol. Reports of abuse on many college ... Free Essays on Rape Drugs Free Essays on Rape Drugs DATE RAPE DRUGS â€Å"I was so sick when I woke up,† the 25- year old woman said. â€Å"I couldn’t remember anything. I didn’t know where I was or how I got there. There was vomit on the bed and stuck in my hair. He was naked, and I was naked. He said we made love. This woman, like many others, was a victim of a drug- induced date rape, a growing problem among young women, and men, hitting the nightclub and bar scenes. There are a multitude of drugs being used by these perpetrators, but I am going to focus on Rohypnol. This seems to be the one, most of these innocent victims, are getting drugged by. The â€Å"date- rape† drug is Rohypnol. Street names are roofies, roach, rope, R-2, Mexican Valium, and rib. It’s usually dependant on which part of the country you live in. The drug, which is highly illegal in the United States, is an odorless, tasteless, white tablet resembling aspirin. It dissolves right into a liquid making almost impossible to detect. Though small in size, Rohypnol packs enough power to cause memory loss and unconsciousness, rendering you helpless. It is usually felt within 20- 30 minutes. The strongest effects occur within 1 to 2 hours, with overall sedative effects lasting around 6- 8 hours. That’s pretty scary. That leaves you totally vulnerable, unaware what is happening to you and your body for 6-8 hours. A lot of damage can occur during that period of time, and it unfortunately usually does. Adverse effects of this drug include decreased blood pressure, memory impairment, drowsiness, visual disturbances, dizziness, confusion, gastrointestinal disturbances and urinary retention. On a more serious note, many people have died from this drug. It has a tendency to cause major convulsions and seizures, which lead to death. This is one of the ways society learned of this drug. Emergency rooms had become suspicious of these seizures, and tested their blood, finding Rohypnol. Reports of abuse on many college ...

Media Communication of Scientific and Environmental Information Essay

Media Communication of Scientific and Environmental Information - Essay Example This does not auger well with society needs, as there is nothing like general audience. News reporting should enable decision makers to do their job effectively and at the same time, it should make sense to experts in the field. Thesis Statement. The objective of this review paper is to discuss how unethical partial or wrong reporting of scientific information is. In this context, I will illustrate how partial reporting of scientific views ends up harming the exact masses the media aims to protect. EFFECTS OF SCIENCE AND MEDIA IN DAILY LIFE Economic Ramifications. Scientific claims are usually beneficial to the society in curbing or at least reducing the adverse effect of natural or artificial phenomena to the environment and human life. For instance, the US government had spent millions of dollars to remove asbestos roofing to avoid its effects on human health. In this case, the general population received suppressed information and scientific views that had opposed it ignored. Late r, scientists figured out that the process of removing asbestos produced toxic gases that were more harmful than letting them be (â€Å"New View† 1993; cited in Roll-Hansen 104). The media played a key role in suppressing the information from one side since it had biased opinions towards supporting the government project. This is grossly unethical and goes against the requirement that the media be impartial in their reporting. More research needed to take placed if they had reported the findings of those scientists thereby conserving resources. Finally, there is the need for a good relationship between the media and scientists to ensure that reporting of findings is as accurate and timely as possible. Norwegian Tree Deaths. In Norway, tree death was intense at the beginning of 1980s. This situation was not unique to Norway since it also existed in Germany among other countries and it affected many tree species. Reports focussed on fir and spruce since their deaths were more d ramatic with needle loss and thinning of tree crown before death (Roll-Hansen 105). Though there were many causes of tree death, the most reported cause was acid rain probably because the rest of the causes were boring scientific explanations that would not adequately serve the media’s main profiteering agenda. For the media to make it in the highly competitive environment, the headlines have to be sensational and eye catching. Scientists maintained that the situation was not as damaging as portrayed by the media and the government. They advanced that there should not be a comparison with Germany since the two countries had different dynamics in respect to pollutants and ways of handling it (Roll-Hansen 104). During this time, the Norwegian institute of forest reserve (NISK) organized a conference on the matter. The media was quite disappointed that there was nothing to report showing that the media only had interest in reporting one side of the story and not the other. This was another way of saying that scientific conferences are not sensational or newsworthy enough to generate enough sales in the highly competitive environment. The media criticized the NISK for denying the role of acid in tree death and at the same time ignoring the other causes of tree death proposed by the NISK (Roll-Hansen 106). Though the media criticized scientists for their attitude on the acid rain and forest death, they agreed with scientific reports that acid rain was the

Answer questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Answer questions - Essay Example Divorce, advancing technology, or a generation gap does not make teens act fearful, vainly, or irresponsibly. This is part of a rite of passage into adulthood that all humans must go through. Teens have not lost their minds, they are acting out naturally. Teachers and educators must realize that these themes are a fact. Instead of trying to make teens conform and think like adults, teachers need to reach out to teens on their level. Instead of disregarding fears, teachers need to realistically come down on a teen’s level in order to counsel a teen effectively. For example, a teen girl comes to an educator with the confession that she is being abused physically by a boyfriend. It is real easy to say ‘leave him’. However, most adult women cannot leave an abuser. The teacher needs not only to speak with the teen, but recommend a counselor. Most teachers will go straight to the parents or the cops. This causes more problems for the teen. Teens need to be taught how to control the fear. Maybe peer counseling or a teacher can share past experiences as a teen. The most important factor would to understand the teen’s fear and not dismiss it. Another strong theme was about good teachers and not seeing enthusiasm for a subject. Teachers do get tired of teaching the same subject over and over. The same curriculum is used year after year, with a few changes like new books. Teachers must love the subject they are teaching, or they would not have majored in it. Instead of teaching the same curriculum over and over, teachers might try to change their schedules, activities, or assignments within the curriculum. For example, a history teacher could have used the 2008 election for exciting lessons on the Civil Rights, Susan B. Anthony, Vietnam, World War I and II (McCain’s father and grandfather), Africa, Kenya (Obama’s father), and other subjects. The options are endless. Math teachers could have

Jupiter confectionary ltd - quantitative research design Essay

Jupiter confectionary ltd - quantitative research design - Essay Example Results can also be validated for reliability by implementing both a mixed research design methodology. Table of Contents About the Company Purpose of study Objectives of study Need for a research design Types of research design Advantages of the proposed research design Disadvantages of the proposed research design Alternative research design Conclusions References JUPITER CONFECTIONARY LTD - QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN About the company Jupiter Confectionary Ltd makes a variety of chocolate bars and has recently introduced a healthier range of cereal-based breakfast/snack bars. Purpose of study Jupiter now wants to evaluate customer satisfaction with the new product line. The brand manager has suggested running an online survey, printing the web address on the packaging and offering a prize draw as an incentive for people to participate. Objectives of study 1) To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed research design, and 2) To propose other approaches that might be more appropriate. Need for a Research Design Rose and Sullivan (1996) observed that there exist patterns in the universe, certain specific patterns for all kinds of activities that can be noted on careful observation. These specific patterns in the universe and the behaviour in time can be explained and predicted to a certain extent to a certain accuracy based on the information or data collected at that particular time. However, there is a large amount of data available for a particular activity, that is often confusing, and the researcher needs to select that particular data that is most relevant to the activity in time. Understanding the behaviour of the data collected helps explain complex concepts or theories through developing hypotheses about the relationships that may exist between the data collected. Further, the hypothesis can be validated for correctness and patterns of behaviour collated to explain the theories (Mamia, 2012). While conducting a research design, sever al aspects of the research are to be considered since the object of research is always dynamic and so the data collected is also changing in time. Further, there are two basic kinds of research design methodologies, descriptive and explanatory. While descriptive research attempts to research what activities happen or exist in the social sphere, explanatory research helps explain why the activities happen or exist. A typical research should include both descriptive and explanatory research as usually, good explanatory research is always built on descriptive research. A research in itself needs to be planned sufficiently to achieve the desired results (Mamia, 2012). Typical research design involves identifying project methodologies, planning the processes and identifying strategies while moulding the research objectives through the methodology and context (Richards, 2006). Types of Research Design Research design can be theoretical or empirical, qualitative or quantitative or a combin ation of theoretical and empirical, qualitative and quantitative. Research can be aimed at comparison or classification of the available facts through theoretical or empirical frameworks. However, most common method of research design is to use both theoretical and e

Highland Springs Entry into China

Highland Springs Entry into China International Marketing: Highland Springs Entry into China Market Selection and Environmental Analysis Executive Summary â€Å"Increased global communication has also created a greater diversity in the marketplace. Consumers are becoming more sophisticated because of the increased scope of communication, requiring a flexible and responsive strategy, instead of standardisation.† (Prevos, 2008) page Despite converging consumer and market factors, intrinsic differences still exist between country markets and even within countries in terms of regional and cultural factors.Ref More recent debate has tended to centred around the notion of increasing fragmentation, thought to be in conflict with the concept of globalisation itself ref and Yangs (1995)page research deals in much detail with what he refers to as â€Å"the seeming contradiction between rising nationalism and globalism† citing that â€Å"it appears that political and economic boundaries need not necessarily converge anymore.† Although many believe that C consumer markets have converged in terms of tastes and preferences across markets, thus offering potential for strategically equivalent segmentation (Kale Sudharsham, 1987). Tthere still exists vast disparities in terms of the PESTLE factors impacting upon business, particularly social and cultural elements but also the regulatory factors which govern industry, and ultimately, determine the strategies firms opt to pursue. Thise report shall proceed to analyses those factors which impact most on Highland Springs entry into the Chinese market and the subsequent strategies it pursues. It is by no means exhaustive as there are so many inter-related factors at play simultaneously and in varying degrees from a global perspective. Thee report has attempted to analyse those factors deemed to beconsiders the most significant factors, and in particular, with a focuses on the cultural elements which eaffect consumer behaviour and which have the most direct impact o n the strategy which Highland Springs opts to pursue strategy in the Chinese market in the launch of its premium bottled water brand. Environmental Analysis â€Å"There exists a well-developed literature of market failures committed abroad by international marketersOne major reason of such failures is poor market selection.† (Rahman, 2003) Although From table 1, It is clear that China is viewed as offers offering muchsignificant potential for western manufacturers, particularly of consumer goodshowever , a thorough environmental analysis is highly recommended, Ggiven the stage of Chinas economic development and the fact that despite its rapid and impressive progression in recent years, it still lags behind developed markets not only in terms of consumer buying habits and and sophistication, but also most significantly, in terms of market infrastructure which impacts significantly on the subsequent elements of the marketing strategy to be implemented, particularly distribution and logistical elements of bringing the product to market. The Chinese market is highly fragmented on a regional basis and is characterised by much diversity in terms of consumer income as well as propensity to buy certain goods or products. Such disparities are most notable when analysing the vast discrepancies in income levels between the urban and rural populations. â€Å"Few of us know even simple facts about the geography, culture, and economics of countries other than our own. Even fewer people have at their fingertips details that tell whether their goods will sell in a particular market.† Cavusgil (1985) states that few people know the basic tenents of geography, culture or economies of countries different from their own and continues that there are even fewer people who know whether their products will be sold successfully in specific markets. (Cavusgil, 1985) Chinas market is geographically vast in comparison to Highland Springs domestic UK market and its other international markets primarily in developed economies, with much higher numbers of potential consumers. It is also highly diverse in cultural terms internally than the company may be used to dealing with in international markets and characterised by huge differences in terms of social and cultural aspects including language variations on a regional basis which implies that a standardised approach is less applicable. Arguably, Carey (2006) posits that much of the demand for Western-type products is forecast in the highly urbanised areas and in the special economic zones where many workers with available spending power are located and given the nature of the product, considered at the luxury end of the market, this is highly relevant. Despite its progression, as Carey (2006) highlightscontinues that, â€Å"tThough urban incomes are rising, the majority of the Chinese population rem ains mired in rural poverty, awaiting economic and political reforms that may not happen for another decade, if at all.† Table 21. Off-Trade Sales Value and Growth of Bottled Water Region Value ($ million, 2003) CAGR (1998-2003) CAGR (forecast) (2003-08) East China 827.5 18.4% 12.0% North and Northeast China 511.5 17.8% 12.0% Mid-China 466.8 22.3% 16.0% South China 475.7 18.0% 12.0% Southwest China 335.7 23.1% 16.0% Northwest China 179.6 24.3% 16.0% Source: Euromonitor. Soft Drinks in China. April 2004. Check Chinas economic progression has resulted in increased demand for many products and services, such as for example mineral water. In addition, the fact that as clean drinking water is a scarce commodity, has seen the market has grown rapidly in recent times, highlighted by the table abovesince 1989 (Table 2), though this also has implications for the strategy to be adopted, particularly with regarding to issues relating to Corporate Social Responsibility. Highland Spring is different from many of the suppliers in the market given that it is considered to be a premium brand which emulates certain lifestyle elements of the developed West in much the same way as Perrier or Evian of France do., Ttherefore entryherefore, entry into the market does not indicate that it would be competing head-on directly with the domestic playerscompetitors. This is relevant as many market commentators see higher income consumers in emerging markets as chooseing to purchase foreign brands which tend to commu nicate wealth and success. In this respect, Highland Spring is therefore at the premium end of the water market and its Scottish origins should allow the brand to align itself alongside the leading foreign brands that are already established in this e market and to which many in the emerging markets such as China are viewed as aspiring toaspire, for example, China. The Scottish origin should also allow it a degree of differentiation to the predominantly French origin of the leading playersbrands. â€Å"Although in countries such as India and China consumption rates are not as high they have risen dramatically, tripling in India and doubling in China over the past 5 years. In countries such as these the main product line is Nestle pure life, a low cost purified tap water with added minerals.† (Edwards, A., 2007) The analysis here has highlighted demonstrated that the potential demand for Highland Spring is likely to derive from those consumers who earn proportionately moremore, for example, in income terms such as professionals and also the younger segments of the market who are likely to be more exposed to Western- style goods particularly with the increase in overseas education and travel as well as exposure to media, such as including the internet and cable/satellite television., though Though censorship remains high in the nation, it is assumed that the nature of the product should not make this such an problem issue as it would for manufacturers of, for example alcoholic beverages, for example. In addition, an important target segment shall be is the expatriate community which could prove a lucrative segment, particularly in the leading cities of Shanghai and Beijing, thus making the hotel, restaurant and leisure segments of the market highly attractiveprofitable. It is unlikely that th e product shall achieve much success in targeting the lower-income segments of the population given the availability of and loyalty to local regional brands as well as the substantially lower prices of such products. This highlights demonstrates how, despite the substantial cultural differences in existence regionally in China, there is still scope to adopt strategically equivalent segmentation (Kale Sudharsham, 1987) across specific target segments in the market, (Kale Sudharsham, 1987).Tthough clearly, adaptation may be necessary to some or all aspects of the marketing variables in the context of the political, regulatory and cultural factors at play. This market analysis is by no means exhaustive but has rather highlighted those factors at play which have the most impact on the subsequent strategy to be pursued by Highland Spring in China. Further information relating to the market and consumer buying behaviour is contained in the appendix. The preliminary analysis has also highlighted demonstrated that despite the diversity inherent in the Chinese market, there is certainly potential for the Highland Spring brand across specific market segments. In addition, despite the apparent differences between consumers in mature markets in comparison to China, in terms of the Highland Spring brand, given the luxury nature of the product, there is also much similarity, thus epitomising Levitts (1983) theory of converging commonality and Ohmaes (1989) view of â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World† where he highlights how leading premium or luxury brands lend themselves more to global standardisation. Simultaneously, while there remains much scope to extend the global branding and positioning of the product in the market, the fact remains that premium bottled water is still regarded by many as considered to be in the infancy stages in China as opposed to the mature markets of the West. This implies that despite convergence, adaptation is still required if not to the product itself, but to the marketing strategy to be implemented in order to obtain â€Å"â€Å"strategic fit† (Aaker, 1992) between the product and the market. An important consideration for Highland Spring in its launch is the image of the industry as a whole, particularly, from an international perspective. Given that many are of the opinion that Wwater is a basic human necessity., Mmany firms within this market continuum ,for example,such as Highland SpringSpring, at the premium end and Nestle at the lower end within this particular sector and Nestle at the other end of the scale, have been criticised for essentially profiteering from emerging economies such asfor example China and India where the availability of clean water is scarce and in some instances, non-existent. This must be considered from both an international as well as local perspective so as to protect the value of the brand and its positioning in consumers minds. The companys commitment to both environmental and social sustainability cannot be over-emphasised in its proposed launch of its product in the Chinese market and must also be considered with regarding to any partn erships or alliances that are formed.entered into. Marketing Mix Strategy Product Strategy â€Å"When it comes to product strategy, managing in a borderless world doesnt mean managing by averages. It doesnt mean that all tastes run together into one amorphous mass of universal appeal.† (Ohmae,( 1989) states that product strategy does not have to be â€Å"managed by averages†and continues to suggest that individual brands of water can retain their own special taste. The very nature of the product implies that little adaptation should be applied if any at all as part of the appeal and the value of the brand itself, are the Scottish origins. The â€Å"Scottishness† of the brand also appeals to the psychological experience of consumption as highlighted stated by Clegg (2005) â€Å"Working the link between place of origin and product quality is the oldest trick in the brand book. It milks our thirst for mythology and plays mercilessly on our superstitious hope that special places have the power to revitalise and transform.† Highland Spring must however, ensure that it meets with stringent regulatory requirements in the Chinese market and must also ensure that the transportation of the products does not in any way adversely affect the contents and quality of the water itself. The research has also highlighted that many Chinese consumers view bottled water as being ref more beneficial to health with many multinationals such as Nestlà © opting to add vitamins and other health-associated minerals to their water brands in an attempt to appeal to a wider range of consumers and gain advantage over competitors, particularly the local playersbrands. This, however, appears to be more at the lower end of the market rather than the premium end in which Highland Spring should be positioned and appears less relevant as the aesthetic elements of the product have more influence over the purchasing process. Labelling may require adaptation, again given the regulatory environment as well as the language barriers in existence. Although China is characterised by low literacy levels in comparison to the developed World,ref it is assumed that the target segments in question shall be characterised by higher literacy levels than one might normally associate with brands competing in the lower-priced segments. In addition, with regard to product policy, it must also be highlighted that the product itself, while remaining largely standardised across national borders, is at varying stages of the product life cycle in different country markets. Highland Spring can be considered as being in a mature market in the UK and other more developed economies, whereas in China it is at the introduction stages of its cycle and in the consumer adoption process. This has an influence on the subsequent communication and distribution elements of the mix especially at the early stages where communicating the essence of the brand and any associated benefits, both tangible and intangible shall will be of paramount importance. Price Pricing is an important variable to consider as Chinese consumers are deemed to be more price-sensitive than their Western counterparts as highlighted by St-Maurice (2008): â€Å"On average, Chinese consumers are willing to pay a premium of about 2.5 percent for a branded product they purchase regularly, By contrast, in developed markets, premiums for familiar brands can reach 20 percent or more. Our research suggests that rising inflation is making Chinese consumers more price sensitive and less loyal to their preferred brands.† Analysis of competitors pricing policies should be examined especially the leading French players in the market. It may be prudent initially to introduce the product at a lower price than competitors in order to gain a foothold in the market. Appropriate distribution agreements with local agents should facilitate this and assist in keeping prices down initially with the anticipation that margins shall will rise as the product gains a foothold in the market. Given the premium nature of the product it is important than price also communicates the brands quality and prestige image while simultaneously not being positioned so high as to exclude potential customers. Promotion â€Å"As China becomes a major player in the global economy, authorities in Beijing are trying to balance the need for more information with their goal of controlling content as a means to maintain power.† (Zissis, C. and Bhattacharji, P., 2008) This is perhaps the variable in which adaptation is most likely to occur given the cultural differences inherent within the Chinese market. It is also important yet again, to be aware of any regulatory requirements regarding information communicated through promotional media as well as on labelling requirements. However, it is safe to assume that in spite of the variances in terms of regulations as well as language barriers, the promotional element should be relatively consistent on a global basis in order to create a global brand with more universal appeal. Country of origin is an important element to communicate as well as the pureness, quality and superiority of the product highlighting, perhaps, certain elements which may be deemed more important to the Chinese consumer, particularly any health or purity elements which would serve to differentiate and position the brand above the leading foreign competitors in the marketplace. An interesting element to consider is the massive inc reases in the number of Chinese visitors to events such as the annual Edinburgh Festival so some sort of tie-in or complementary advertising with relevant tourist companies or airlines, both international and Chinese operators, may be prudent in heightening brand recognition out with the Chinese market initially. As highlighted by the environmental analysis of the market, literacy levels are substantially lower in the Chinese market yet the target market in question is assumed to be within those segments that possess the relevant literacy levels as well as the available disposable income. The same can be assumed in terms of access to communication mediums such as quality and international press as well as television and internet. The same mediums may not, for example, be options for those companies targeting the lower priced end of the water market where much more local adaptation shall undoubtedly be required and thus images become much more important as well as billboard and regional campaigns such as in-store promotions. However, despite recommendations to promote a global campaign â€Å"adapting global programs to the local level can often improve the effectiveness of a campaign.† (Aaker and Joachimsthaler, 1999) and this is likely to be reflected in the medium used rather than the promotional messages and images themselves. Sponsorship with leading sporting or other social events and special offers or tie-ins with other products or establishments such as hotel chains and health spas should also be examined in order to gain more exposure for the brand in the early stages. Place Highland Spring is involved in both the on and off- trade in its domestic market whereas in China, sales are likely to be predominantly, if not wholly concentrated in the on-trade, primarily through hotel and restaurant chains and in exclusive wine bar/bistro type establishments in the highly urbanised zones of the main cities of Beijing and Shanghai in order to target segments directly as well as to raise the profile of the brand. Clearly the reputation and standing of such establishments in the market must be consistent with the quality and image of the Highland Spring brand itself. Market Entry Strategy This is perhaps the most important element of Highland Springs launch in the Chinese market as the choice of suitable partnerships in terms of distribution, logistics and retail establishments shall be overwhelmingly important to the subsequent success or failure of the product launch. Analysis has highlighted that the Chinese market per se is still extremely complicated to operate within. Despite the progress made in terms of lowering trade barriers, many obstacles still exist and protectionism is still very much a reality which foreign operators must contend with. As a result, many markets, particularly consumer markets, are characterised by a high proportion of strategic alliances and joint ventures and distribution arrangements than one might normally encounter in more developed economies. Foreign companies appear to have opted for this style of partnership as a means to overcome some of the obstacles in the marketplace, affording them more control over activities and gaining add ed insight into the local operational complexities. This is in line with what Ohmae (1989) refers to as â€Å"market insiderization† achieved through collaboration with local agents established in the market who are aware of the intricacies of operating in the Chinese business environment. Although predominantly entering the market through exporting, also deemed necessary given the nature of the product and the fact that country of origin is an essential part of the brand itself, C collaborative arrangements shall be necessary with domestic Chinese firms in order to facilitate entry into the market, as well as the subsequent distribution of the product itself. The identification of a suitable partner shall be required, one which offers expertise in terms of knowledge of the market and a well-established and reliable distribution network in place with links into prospective retail outlets. Given the premium image of the Highland Spring brand, partners, distributors and any other agents appointed in the market, must also be reliable and well-thought of within the industry. Another important element to consider is that all storage and distribution facilities comply with both Chinese and international regulations to ensure that the product quality shall be retained when in transit and in storage. Highland Spring already have an arrangement in place with a US-based company named Savi Networks and employ the companys SaviTrak(TM) for Wireless Cargo Monitoring system in many of their international markets. This shall be explored in terms of capabilities within the Chinese market as the company is already active in Hong Kong. As Highland Spring explains, â€Å"Whether it is our devotion to protecting our Organic Land or using the latest in technology to manage the flow of our natural product to distant consumers, we are incessant in our quest that the customer experience, whether in Hong Kong or Dubai, be the same quality as those in the UK.† (PR Hub, 2009) Further details of this are contained in the appendix. Clearly a major factor for success is the distribution capability of potential partners in the marketplace. Related companies in the alcoholic and soft drinks segments of the market, particularly international companies such as PepsicoPepsiCo or Diageo, or even in conjunction with other food related companies such as Scottish Salmon, may offer the potential to form collaborative distribution arrangements such as piggybacking. This could also be of benefit not only in terms of lowering costs but also from the point of view of providing non competing but complementary products to the market and may be of particular appeal to many of the larger hotel and retail outlet chains in the nation. This would also substantially lower the risks involved in market entry into the Chinese market. Although on the whole, the analysis has highlighted that some sort of partnership or arrangement with local players is deemed necessary, this does not rule out the opportunity to enter into partnership with other foreign firms already established in the market, and as highlighted in the preceding paragraph, this could provide added opportunity and and economies of scale scale economies for all involved in both the supply and demand for the product in question as explained by Young et al (1989) â€Å"where the company sells its goods abroad through the overseas distribution facilities of another producer; the two firms would normally have complementary, non-competitive products.† References Aaker, D. and Joachimsthaler, E., 1999, The Lure of Global Branding, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Carey, W.P., 2006, â€Å"Starbucks Banks on the Middle Kingdoms Middle Class†, June 21, available at, http://knowledge.wpcarey.asu.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1263, accessed 01/11/09 Cavusgil, S.T., 1985, Guidelines for Export Market Research, Business Horizons, November-December. Clegg, A, The Myth of Authenticity, 15 Aug 2005, available at http://brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=276, accessed 26/11/09 Edwards, E., 2007, Bottled Water: Pouring Resources Down the Drain?, School of Built and Natural Environment, Swansea Institute of Higher Education. Kale, S H and Sudharsham, D., 1987, â€Å"A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation†, International Marketing Review, Summer. Levitt, T, 1983, The Globalization of Markets, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Ohmae, K, 1989, â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Prevos, P, 2008, â€Å"Converging Commonality and Business Strategy†, 25 October, available at http://prevos.net/mba/convergence.pdf, accessed 31/10/09 Rahman, S.H., 2003, Modelling of International Market Selection Process: A Qualitative Study of Successful Australian International Businesses, Qualitative Market researcresearch]vh: An International Journal, Vol.6, Issue 2. St-Maurice, I., Sussmuth-Dyckerhoff, C. and Tsai, H, 2008, â€Å"Whats New With the Chinese Consumer†, McKinsey Quarterly, October. Yang, X. (1995) Globalization of the Automobile Industry: The United States, Japan and the Peoples Republic of China Greenwood Publishing Group. Young, S., Hamill, J., Wheeler, C. and Davies, J.R., 1989, International Market Entry and Development: Strategies and Management, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Prentice Hall. Zissis, Bhattachari, 2008, Media Censorship in China, Council For Foreign Relations, March 18 available at http://www.cfr.org/publication/11515/p-9 http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5063, accessed 15/02/10 PR Hub available at http://blog.taragana.com/pr/highland-spring-ltd-uk-selects-savi-networks-savitraktm-for-wireless-cargo-monitoring-8443/, accessed 13/02/10 Bibliography Aaker, D. and Joachimsthaler, E., 1999, The Lure of Global Branding, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Aaker, D., 1991, â€Å"Managing Brand Equity†, The Free Press, New York. Aaker, David A, 1992, â€Å" Strategic Market Management†, John Wiley Sons Inc. Arnold, D., 2000, â€Å"Seven Rules of International Distribution†, Harvard Business Review, November-December. Brooks, Ian et al, â€Å"The International Business Environment†, Prentice Hall, 2004 Carey, W.P., 2006, â€Å"Starbucks Banks on the Middle Kingdoms Middle Class†, June 21, available at, http://knowledge.wpcarey.asu.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1263, accessed 01/11/09 Cavusgil, S.T., 1985, Guidelines for Export Market Research, Business Horizons, November-December. Chakravarthy, B and Perlmutter, H V, 1985,Strategic Planning For a Global Business, Columbia Journal of World Business. Clegg, A, The Myth of Authenticity, 15 Aug 2005, available at http://brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=276, accessed 26/11/09 Czinkota, M and Ronkainen, I; International Marketing, The Dryden Press, 2nd edition, 1990 Dawar, N., 2004, What Are Brands Good For? Sloan Management Review, Volume 46, Number 1. de Mooij, M., 2009, Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes, SAGE, London. Edwards, E., 2007, Bottled Water: Pouring Resources Down the Drain?, School of Built and Natural Environment, Swansea Institute of Higher Education. Eid, R. and Trueman, M., 2002, The Internet: New International Marketing Issues, Management Research News, Volume 25, Number 12. Kale, S H and Sudharsham, D., 1987, â€Å"A Strategic Approach to International Segmentation†, International Marketing Review, Summer. Kashani, K., 1989, â€Å"Beware the Pitfalls of Global Marketing†, Harvard Business review, September-October. Leontiades, James C, 1985, â€Å"Multinational Corporate Strategy: Planning For World Markets†, Lexington Books. Levitt, T, 1983, The Globalization of Markets, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Ohmae, K, 1989, â€Å"Managing in a Borderless World†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Poillon, C., 2000, â€Å"Getting Started with Emerging Markets†, Wiley, New York Porter, M.E. (1979) How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review, March/April. Prevos, P. (2008) Converging Commonality and Business Strategy, retrieved on 09/01/10 from http://prevos.net/mba/convergence.pdf Quelch, J.A. and Hoff, E.J., 1986, â€Å"Customizing Global Marketing†, Harvard Business Review, May-June. Rahman, S.H., 2003, Modelling of International Market Selection Process: A Qualitative Study of Successful Australian International Businesses, Qualitative Market researcvh: An International Journal, Vol.6, Issue 2. Raju, P.S., 1995, â€Å"Consumer Behaviour in Global Markets: the A-B-C-D Paradigm and its Application to Eastern Europe and the Third World†, Journal of Consumer Marketing Vol.12 No.5. St-Maurice, I., Sussmuth-Dyckerhoff, C. and Tsai, H, 2008, â€Å"Whats New With the Chinese Consumer†, McKinsey Quarterly, October. Walters, P.G.P and Samiee, S., 2003, Executive insights: Marketing Strategy in Emerging markets: The Case of China, Journal of International Marketing Vol.11, No.1. 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The Steps Which America Should Take to Reduce Our Dependence on Foreign

It is important that America should take immediate action to reduce its dependence on foreign oil. If America continues to have a great demand for it, it will create a threat to the country’s economy and national security. There are three primary actions that America might take in order to reduce its dependence on foreign oil: Alaskan oil drilling, off-shore oil drilling, and natural gas drilling. America’s dependence on foreign oil is a threat to its economy. Per minute, America wastes $200,000 and per hour, $13 million by relying on it (Natural Resources Defense Council, p. 1). Gasoline consumption has led to an increase of costs of oil which is passed on to consumers at the pump, through more expensive goods and services, and in a weaker job market and lower stock prices (Natural Resources Defense Council, p. 3). Therefore, if current trends in oil demand and prices continue, economic impacts for the U.S. will intensify. It is possible for America to reduce its dependence on foreign oil, but the petroleum industries and other monopolies have paid Congress to take out the competition (Worthington, p. 1). Legal monopolies are targeting the market effects of foreign oil, which increases profits, while America’s government obliges them. Unfortunately, these de jure monopolies have kept America in a dirty fuel monopoly that has been arranged to terminate its o nly competition to create a government-granted monopoly (Worthington, p. 1). As for the national security, by importing more and more oil each year, there is an increase of demand and a decrease in domestic production. The United States can become more secure by enforcing the work on farms and factories to reduce our thirst for foreign oil (Natural Resources Defens... ...es revenue from the sale of offshore charters and helps win political support for energy and climate legislation (Broder, p. 2). The political response to off-shore drilling is positively approved. The Offshore oil drilling plan is considered to be a new chapter in the nation’s search for an approachable energy policy that can release new areas to oil and gas enlargement. Interior Secretary, Ken Salazar, has said that he hoped to rebalance the nation’s oil and gas policy to block oil exploration beneath virtually all public lands and waters (Broder, p. 3). An option, that was introduced, other than depending on foreign oil and reducing oil imports was the use of biofuels. This can lead to an increase of the purchase of hybrid cars for the motor industry. Off-shore drilling is an appropriate action that can reduce the amount of foreign oil imported by America.